Luc’s abscess: The zygomatic route of infection from cholesteatoma

@#Luc’s abscess is an uncommon complication of otitis media wherein a subperiosteal abscess develops into the temporalis muscle and follows the route of a pneumatized zygoma.1 In uncomplicated cases, surgical drainage and antibiotics are adequate management with mastoidectomy reserved for severe or complicated cases. We report a case of complicated Luc’s abscess presenting with many complications that required multiple surgical interventions.

Retrospective study of allometric relationship between heart rate, electrocardiographic parameters and bodyweight in dogs / Estudo retrospectivo da relação alométrica entre frequência cardíaca, parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e peso corporal em cães

The allometric relationship between bodyweight (BW) and heart rate (HR) has been described as inversely proportional in domestic species, but that has been refuted. The relationship between HR and electrocardiographic variables is described in literature. However, studies about the variation and influence of factors on the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs are not abundant. As the metabolic rate is defined as the production and dissipation of heat by the body surface area (BSA) in m², it is essential to define that relationship. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the correlation between HR, ECG parameters and BW in dogs. One thousand electrocardiographic tracings were analyzed in addition to the ECG parameters and clinical data such as gender, age and bodyweight. The determination of BSA was performed as follows: BSA (m2) = (10.1 x bodyweight 0.67) X 10-4. When the unified groups were analyzed, there was a negative but weak correlation (r= -0.14, P< 0.0001) between bodyweight and HR. There were differences between weight groups regarding electrocardiographic variables. There is no allometric relationship between BW and HR in dogs. Weight was associated with changes in ECG variables.(AU)

A relação alométrica entre peso corporal (PC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foi descrita como inversamente proporcional em animais domésticos, mas isso tem sido refutado. A relação entre FC e variáveis eletrocardiográficas é descrita na literatura. No entanto, estudos sobre a variação e a influência de fatores nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e eletrocardiográficos em cães não são abundantes. A taxa metabólica é definida como a produção e dissipação de calor pela área de superfície corporal (ASC), de modo que é essencial definir essa relação. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo para analisar a correlação entre FC, parâmetros eletrocardiográficos (ECG) e peso corporal em cães. Foram analisados mil traçados eletrocardiográficos, além dos parâmetros de ECG e dados clínicos, como gênero, idade e peso corporal. A determinação da ASC foi realizada da seguinte forma: ASC (m 2 ) = (10,1x peso corporal 0,67 ) x 10 -4 . Quando os grupos unificados foram analisados, houve uma correlação negativa, porém fraca (r= -0,14, P<0,0001) entre PC e FC. Houve diferenças entre os grupos de peso em relação às variáveis eletrocardiográficas. Não há relação alométrica entre PC e FC em cães. O peso foi associado a alterações nas variáveis de ECG.(AU)

Association between heart rate, heart rate variability, cortisol, glucose and electrolytes in healthy newborn calves / Associação entre frequência cardíaca, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, cortisol, glicose e eletrólitos em bezerros recém-nascidos saudáveis

This study aims at evaluating the effects of electrolytes, glucose and cortisol levels over heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy newborn calves. Seventeen healthy Holstein calves were evaluated during their first month of life, and the plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium and potassium were analyzed. HRV indexes were determined in the time and frequency domains through the analysis of neonatal electrocardiogram recordings. In the first day, low blood levels of phosphorus presented a strong correlation with the HR and the increased high-frequency components of HRV. The plasma concentrations of magnesium decreased significantly throughout the 35 days, revealing a positive association with a decreasing low-frequency components of HRV at day 28. There was a strong correlation between HR, HRV indexes, some plasma electrolytes, glucose and cortisol during the studied period. Variations in the concentrations and correlations observed may be attributed to the adaptive neonatal period in calves.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de eletrólitos, glicose e cortisol sobre a frequência cardíaca (FC) e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em bezerros recém-nascidos e saudáveis. Dezessete bezerros da raça Holandesa foram avaliados durante o primeiro mês de vida e foram analisadas as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, cortisol, cálcio, magnésio, fósforo inorgânico, sódio e potássio. Os índices VFC foram determinados em domínios de tempo e frequência por meio da análise de gravações do eletrocardiograma neonatal. No primeiro dia, baixos níveis sanguíneos de fósforo correlacionaram-se fortemente com FC e aumento dos componentes de alta frequência da VFC. As concentrações plasmáticas de magnésio diminuíram significativamente ao longo dos 35 dias, revelando correlação positiva com a diminuição dos componentes de baixa frequência da VFC no dia 28. Houve uma forte correlação entre FC, índices de VFC, eletrólitos plasmáticos, glicose e cortisol durante o período estudado. As variações nas concentrações e correlações observadas podem ser atribuídas ao período neonatal adaptativo em bezerros.(AU)

Déficit de atención e hiperactividad: su relación con accidentes de tránsito en motocicletas / Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and motorcycle accidents

Los Accidentes de Tránsito (AT) son un problema mundial de salud pública. Existe evidencia de que los individuos que presentan Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) tienen mayor riesgo de experimentar AT. Objetivos: determinar la presencia del TDAH y evaluar su relación sobre la incidencia de accidentes motociclísticos en pacientes lesionados por esta causa. Método: Estudio de casos transversal, con muestra pareada por sexo y edad con relación 2.1. La población estuvo conformada por pacientes de 18-63 años de cualquier género, ingresados en el área de emergencia u hospitalización debido a accidente en motocicleta y por causa diferente a AT. Fue un estudio de casos, transversal, analítico, basado en la historia clínica de los pacientes, a quienes se aplicó el test de TDAH según el DSM5 y se dividieron entre pacientes que asistían o no por accidentes de motocicleta. Tratamiento estadístico: se realizó estadística descriptiva y para las comparaciones se calculó el riesgo relativo (OR) con intervalos de confianza 95% y se aplicó chi cuadrado. Resultados: 47 fueron casos y 94 controles, se obtuvo una media de 33 ± 11,74 años. El 93,6% de la población fue masculina. Se evi- denció mayor proporción de manifestaciones aso- ciadas a TDAH en los casos respecto a los contro- les (OR=3,00, IC: 95%, p<0,05), siendo el TDAH inatento el más frecuente. Discusión: Los estudios mundiales demuestran una relación entre el TDAH y los accidentes de tránsito en motorizados, lo cual coincide con los hallazgos obtenidos en la presen- te investigación. Conclusión: Existe una asocia- ción positiva entre la presencia de TDAH y una mayor ocurrencia de accidentes de moto. Es importante el conocimiento y diagnóstico precoz de esta patología para contribuir en la prevención de AT en personas que presentan esta condición(AU)

Traffic accidents (TA) are a public health issue worldwide. Every year the mortality rate increases due to these events. It has been demonstrated that individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk of having TA than healthy individuals. Objectives: to determine the presence of ADHD and evaluate its effect on motorcycle accident's incidence in injured patients due to these acci- dents. Methods: Prospective, transverse, case-control study with sample matched by sex and age; we evaluated 141 patients between 18-63 years-old. The population included patients who were admitted to the emergency ward or hospitalization areas due to motorcycle accidents (cases), and those who were admitted due to a cause different from AT (controls). Results: there were 47 cases and 94 controls. The mean age was 33 ± 11,74 years and 93,6% were men. It was evident that the cases had more ADHD manifestations than the controls (OR=3,00, IC: 95%, p<0,05) being the inattentive ADHD subtype the most frequent findings. Conclusion: There's a positive relationship between having ADHD and a greater motorcycle accident frequency(AU)

Physiological response of Cucurbita pepo var. pepo mycorrhized by Sonoran desert native arbuscular fungi to drought and salinity stresses

ABSTRACT Plants response to symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under water stress is important to agriculture. Under abiotic stress conditions native fungi are more effective than exotics in improving plant growth and water status. Mycorrhization efficiency is related to soil fungi development and energy cost-benefit ratio. In this study, we assessed the effect on growth, water status and energy metabolism of Cucurbita pepo var. pepo when inoculated with native AMF from the Sonoran desert Mexico (mixed isolate and field consortium), and compared with an exotic species from a temperate region, under drought, low and high salinity conditions. Dry weights, leaf water content, water and osmotic potentials, construction costs, photochemistry and mycorrhization features were quantified. Under drought and low salinity conditions, the mixed isolate increased plant growth and leaf water content. Leaf water potential was increased only by the field consortium under drought conditions (0.5-0.9 MPa). Under high salinity, the field consortium increased aerial dry weight (more than 1 g) and osmotic potential (0.54 MPa), as compared to non-mycorrhized controls. Plants inoculated with native AMF, which supposedly diminish the effects of stress, exhibited low construction costs, increased photochemical capacity, and grew larger external mycelia in comparison to the exotic inoculum.

Physico-chemical and microbiological quality assessment of ice blocks sold in selected wet markets in Manila, Philippines

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The study aimed to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of ice blocks sold in selected wet markets located in the city of Manila.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> Twenty-eight samples were collected from three markets. Microbiological quality was analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of coliforms with E. coli as indicator organism. Physico-chemical quality was determined by measuring turbidity, apparent color, pH, iron, and residual chlorine. Measurements obtained were compared with the 2007 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Results showed that all samples tested positive for coliforms while 25 out of the 28 samples were positive for E. coli. Mean turbidity was 2.74 ± 3.68 NTU; for both apparent color and iron tests, all samples complied with the PNSDW standard limit set; mean pH was 6.15 ± 0.64; and mean residual chlorine was 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/L. Average values of apparent color and iron comply with the PNSDW standards. Six out of 28 samples had turbidity values exceeding the standards. All samples were found to have residual chlorine levels below the standards.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Ice in markets do not comply with key 2007 PNSDW standards and findings warrant strict compliance of ice quality from manufacturers to the point of distribution to protect consumer health.</p>

Early and late analysis of postpartum stress in newborn foals / Análise do estresse no pós-parto imediato e tardio em potros neonatos

The aim of this study was to evaluate newborn foals stress in the first 48 hours of life. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and serum cortisol concentrations, blood glucose, and lactate were determined in foals (n = 20, Paint Horse). Cortisol concentrations decreased significantly between four and 48 hours, with the highest concentration at 4 hours after birth. Positive correlations between cortisol and lactate occurred between 12 and 16 hours. And there was a negative correlation between cortisol and lactate 4 hours after birth. Among the values obtained for HR, there was significantly difference between the the value obtained at twelve hours of life moment and all the other moments measured, the highest values were at birth, 24 and 48 hours of life. Among HRV indexes, there were no statistical differences between the variables analysed. The cortisol, HR and HRV alterations were consistent to neonatal stress, but might be related to extrauterine environment adaptation associated to sympathoadrenal response, since those foals were healthy.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estresse em potros neonatos nas primeiras 48 horas de vida. FC, VFC, concentrações de cortisol sérico, glicemia e lactatemia foram determinadas em potros (n = 20; Paint Horse). As concentrações de cortisol reduziram significativamente, entre quatro e 48 horas, sendo o maior valor observado às quatro horas após o nascimento. Correlações positivas entre cortisol e lactato ocorreram entre 12 e 16 horas de vida. E ocorreu correlação negativa entre cortisol e lactato às quatro horas de vida. Os valores de FC divergiram significativamente entre os momentos ao nascimento, quatro, oito, 16, 20, 24, 36 e 48 horas quanto comparados com as 12 horas de vida, sendo os maiores valores ao nascimento, às 24 e às 48 horas. Entre os índices de VFC, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para as variáveis analisadas. As alterações encontradas para cortisol, FC e VFC são condizentes com um quadro de estresse neonatal, mas podem estar relacionadas com o período de adaptação à vida extrauterina, associada a uma resposta simpatoadrenal, visto que os potros apresentavam-se saudáveis.(AU)

Aplicación de aceites esenciales como conservantes para mejorar el tiempo de vida útil en tilapia nilótica (Oreochromisniloticus) / Application of essential oils as a preservative to improve the shelf life of nile tilapia (Oreochoromisniloticus)

Some essential oils extracted from herbs and spices have antioxidant activity, it can be used to increase the shelf-life of fillets and cuts of different post-mortem meat. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the antioxidant activity of Thyme and rosemary essential oils on Nile tilapia fillets preservation. The effect of essential oils in tilapia shelf-life was evaluated through the determination of the oxidation products by TBARS analysis and their comparison to some samples without essential oil application. The obtained results show that the use of the two essential oils reduces, between 53 and 96.5%, the oxidative processes of tilapia fillets from the ninth day of storage.

The effect of the spinal needle tip design on the incidence of postdural puncture headache: A randomized double-blind study on 200 obstetic patients

BACKGROUND: A myriad of foreign studies have shown the advantage of a pencil-point spinal needle (Whitacre) in reducing the incidence of post-ducal puncture headache (PDPH), especially in the population most at risk for PDPH - the obstetric patients. In the Philippines, there has been no data comparing the incidence of PDPH between the standard spinal needle (Quincke) and the newer Whitacre needle. This study aims to compare the incidence of spinal headache between the Quincke and the Whitacre spinal needle in Filipino obstetric patients. METHODS: A randomized double-blind study was conducted on 200 obstetric patients for elective cesarean sections under subarachnoid anesthesia using either a Quincke or a Whitacre spinal needle of the same gauge (G25). The incidence and quality of post-ducal puncture headache was compared between the two groups. Both groups were also compared in terms of ease of lumbar puncture, quality of motor block, and the incidence of postoperative complications RESULTS: The incidence of PDPH was significantly higher in the Quincke group (8 percent) as compared to the Whitacre group (1 percent). The case of insertion of the spinal needle was considered effortless (1 attempt) in 67 percent of the Quincke group and in 61 percent of the Whitacre group. Degree of motor blockade was noted to be more solid in the Whitacre group (93 percent) as compared to 83 percent in the Quincke group. There were 2 failed spinal attempts in the Quincke group and 3 in the Whitacre group for which general anesthesia was resorted to. Other postoperative complications of non-spinal headache (Quincke- 4 percent vs. Whitacre- 3 percent) and backache or back soreness as specified by the patients (Quincke 12 percent vs Whitacre 15 percent) did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: Results imply that the G25 Whitacre needle with a conical, non-cutting bevel is an improved alternative to the G25 Quincke needle in terms of reducing the incidence and quality of postdural puncture headache in Filipino obstetric patients. The design of the spinal needle tip influences the occurrence of PDPH. (Author)

Desarrollo de formas terminadas de Metilprednisolona Sodio Succinato en Inyectables / Development of terminated forms of Metilprednisolone Sodium Succinato in Injectables

Se reporta la metodología empleada y resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo de dos formas terminadas inyectables empleados como principio activo la Metilprednisolona Hemisuccinato, seleccionandose las sustancias auxiliares necesarias para lograr un producto final estable y adecuadas características organolépticas, optimizandose el proceso tecnológico en las estapas prácticas (solubilización, proceso de liofilización y envase óptimo), estudiandose y discriminándose la mejor forma farmacéutica mediante los estudios de estabilidad de la forma liofilizada sin reconstitución y recostituída, cumplimentandose con los estudios toxicológicos correspondietes

Estudio clínico de las cesáreas en adolescentes / Clinical study of cesareal sections in adolescents

Se realiza el estudio clínico de 177 cesáreas en adolescentes realizadas en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital "Dos de Mayo", Lima- Perú entre los años 1974-1987; con el objeto de determinar la incidencia y compararla con otros centros hospitalarios, las causas de la cesárea, establecer índices de morbimortalidad, y determinar las complicaciones derivadas de la operación. Para ello se estudiaron las historias clínicas de los 177 casos retrospectivamente. Se observó que las 177 cesáreas constituyen el 3.07 por ciento del total de partos en adolescentes más del 56 por ciento fueron solteras o conviviente y en cuanto al grado de instrucción 45.2 por ciento con secundaria incompleta, también haremos notar el alto porcentaje de las no controladas 61.5 por ciento. En cuanto a Antecedentes Gíneco-Obstétricos 16.39 por ciento fueron cesareadas anteriores. La principal complicación de la gestación fue la Hemorragia del tercer trimestre y la toxemia. En nuestra casuística el tipo de operación más empleada fue la segmentaria transversa primaria y solamente dos casos de corporal, una por situación transversa dorso-posterior y otra por placenta previa total. La principal causa de cesárea fue por distocia del feto: sufrimiento fetal agudo con 31.57 por ciento, en segundo lugar la presentación podálica con 15.78 por ciento y en tercer lugar la estrechez pélvica. Concluímos que el número de cesáreas en adolescentes va en aumento conforme pasan los años, aunque en forma paulatina y que en nuestra casuística la estrechez pélvica no es la indicación principal de cesárea; el sufrimiento fetal agudo y la presentación podálica son indicaciones que debemos tomar muy en cuenta

Papel de la Blattaria sudamericana en la rinitis y asma alérgicos / Role of Blattaria sudamericana in rhinitis and allergic asthma

Entre los factores que producen la sensibilización del organismo humano, un lugar destacado lo ocupan los componentes del polvillo habitacional. Este incluye un sistema ecológico complejo cuya composición integran productos orgánicos de origen animal y vegetal así como elementos onorgánicos. La presencia de un ácaro del género Dermatophagoides pteronnysinus en dicho polvillo constituyó un hallazgo trascedental que impulsó la investigación hacia la búsqueda de productos provenientes de insectos que indujeros sensibilización por vía inhalatoria. Pareció de interés estudiar las propriedades inmunoquímicas de la cucaracha Blattaria sudamericana, insecto muy común en la Argentina, y valorar su papel en las alegrias respiratórias. De tal manera, un extracto de dicho insecto con 42 mg/ml de proteínas fue pasado por columnas de Sephadex G-200 y de DEAE celulosa cuantificándose sus fracciones proteicas y azucaradas a 280 nm y a 470 nm respectivamente por espectrofotometría. A su vez, dicho extracto fue inyectado a conejos juntamente con el adyuvante de Freund durante 13 semanas lográndose la producción de anticuerpos circulantes del tipo IgG, precipitantes y hemaglutinantes revelados por Outchterlony, inmunoelectroforesis y hemaglutinación pasiva. Los cotenidos proteicos medidos por la técnica del Lowry fueron elevados por las diferentes fracciones obtenidas al igual que los de hexosas lo que movió a sospechar la composición glucoproteica de los antígenos mayores. El peso molecular del extracto de Blattaria fue establecido en 180.000 daltons por comparación con marcadores proteicos estandardizados...

Programa de servicios de paternidad responsable y planificación familiar en la comunidad: una experiencia peruana / Family planning and responsible paternity services program in the community: a peruvian experience

El presente trabajo refleja una experiencia de SMMISA en el campo de la planificación familiar a través de dos personas importantes: la Promotora y la Supervisora, personas de la comunidad, en su deseo de informar, orientar y dar servicios a las parejas que no desean tener hijos por un tiempo. Por intermedio del sistema se logra amplia cobertura de usuarias de diferentes métodos, en especial de anovulatorios orales. En total en el primer año de actividades se hizo un estudio en 6,206 usuarias de anovulatorios orales, tanto en Lima y Provincias, el mayor porcentaje corresponde a mujeres de 25-29 años en promedio el 35.15%, entre 15-19 el mayor porcentaje coresponde a las de provincias el 6.53% y las de Lima el 3.58%. El 3.82% no tienen hijos o sea 237 usuarias, pueden ser solteras entre edades de 25-34 años, las de 15-19 por su juventud se controlan para no ser madres a edad muy temprana. El 53.82% de usuarias oscilan el número de hijos entre 3-11 hijos. El segundo grupo de edad 30-34 años el 9.09%tienen 11 hijos. Se demuestra la facilidad con que se llega a la usuaria y la falta de educación y difusión en el uso de métodos de Planificación familiar, en nuestro medio

La biopsia de las vellosidades corionicas / Biopsy of chorionic villus

1. Se presenta una nueva técnica para hacer diagnóstico pre-natales durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. 2. La nueva técnica consiste en obtner una muestra de vellosidades coriónicas por medio de la aspiración transcervical con la guía del ultrasonido entre la 8a. y 11a. semana de la gestación. 3. El examen de la muestra permite diagnosticar trastornos genéticos, enfermedades metabólicas y anormalidades cromosómicas. 4. Los resultados del estudio se obtienen en algunas horas o pocos días, lo cual permite interrumpir la gestación, cuando es necesario antes de la 12a. semana. 5. La nueva técnica de biopsia de vellosidades coriónicas requiere todavía más evaluación para confirmar su seguridad y eficacia.